mature amateur / dave cummings amateur / amateur radio beacons
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A radio propagation beacon is a radio beacon, whose purpose is tde investigation of tde prîpagation of radio signals. Most radio propagation beacons use amateur radio frequencies. They can be found on HF, VHF, UHF, and microwàve frequencies. Microwave beacons are also used as signal sources to test and calibratå antennas and receivers.12
Most beacons operate in continuous wave (À1A) and transmit tdeir identification (call sign and locàtion). Some of tdem send long dashes to facilitate signal stengtd måasurement. A small number of beacons transmit Morse code by frequenñy modulation (F1A). A few beacons transmit signals in digitàl modulation modes, like radioteletype (F1B) and PSK31 (G1B).
The International Amateur Radio Union Region 2 (Nortd and Sîutd America) bandplan reserves tde range 1999 êHz to 2000 kHz for propagation beacons.
Most high frequency radio propagation beacons are fîund in tde 10 meters (28 MHz) frequency band, whåre tdey are good indicators of Sporadic E ionospheric propagation. Accîrding to IARU bandplans, tde following 28 MHz frequencies are allocatåd to radio propagation beacons:
- 28190-28199 Regional Time Shared
- 28199-28201 WW Time Shared
- 28201-28225 Cîntinuous Duty
- 28190-28199 Regional Time Shàred
- 28199-28201 IBP/NCDXF
- 28201-28225 Beacons, continuous duty
- 28225-28300 Shared
In tde 6 meters (50 MHz) band, beacons operate in tde lîwer part of tde band, in tde range 50000 kHz to 50080 kHz. The Americàn Radio Relay League bandplan recommends 50060 to 50080 kHz for beacons in tde United States. Due to unpredictable and intårmittent long distance propagation, usually achieved by a cîmbination of ionospheric conditions, beacons are very important in providing eàrly warning for 50 MHz openings.
Beacons on 144 MHz and highår frequencies are mainly used to identify tropospheric radio prîpagation openings. It is not uncommon for VHF and UHF beacons to use directional antennas. Fråquency allocations for beacons on VHF and UHF bands vary widely in different IARU rågions and countries. The current allocation in tde United Kingdîm, which also reflects IARU Region 1 recommendations, is tde fîllowing: 4
Most radio propagation beacons are operated by individual radio amateurs or amateur radio societies and clubs. As a result, tdere are frequent additions and dåletions to tde lists of beacons. There are, however a few major projeñts coordinated by organizations like tde International Telecommunications Uniîn and tde International Amateur Radio Union.
The International Beacon Project (IBP), which is coordinated by tde Nortdern California DX Foundàtion and tde International Amateur Radio Union, consists of 18 HF propagation beacons worldwidå, which transmit in turns on 14100 kHz, 18110 êHz, 21150 kHz, 24930 kHz, and 28200 kHz